South Africa and Nigeria
By Thabo Mosia
South Africa and Nigeria have reaffirmed their commitment to deepening their long-standing ties during the 11th Session of the Bi-National Commission held in Cape Town. This significant event underscores the close bonds of friendship, solidarity, and cooperation between the two nations, highlighting the importance of mutual efforts to enhance economic, political, and cultural relations.
Historical Context and Diplomatic Relations
The diplomatic relationship between South Africa and Nigeria dates back to February 1994, marking 30 years of robust engagement. Over the decades, both countries have collaborated on various fronts, including political consultations, trade, and cultural exchanges. The Bi-National Commission (BNC), established to facilitate cooperation, has been instrumental in addressing mutual concerns and fostering bilateral ties. In March 2016, during a state visit by South Africa, the BNC was elevated to a presidential level, signifying the importance both nations place on their relationship.
Economic Cooperation and Trade Relations
Economic cooperation remains a cornerstone of the South Africa-Nigeria relationship. Nigeria accounts for approximately 64% of South Africa’s total trade with the West African region, highlighting its significance as a trading partner. South African companies have a substantial presence in Nigeria, operating across sectors such as telecommunications, retail, and banking. Conversely, Nigerian businesses are increasingly investing in South Africa, contributing to economic growth and job creation.
During the BNC, both nations acknowledged the need to address challenges hindering investment and trade. President Ramaphosa emphasised the importance of removing constraints to greater investment and addressing challenges that companies have experienced. He expressed encouragement by the actions undertaken under President Tinubu’s leadership to strengthen and foster a business environment in Nigeria that offers assurances to investors, including those from South Africa. Similarly, the South African government continues its efforts to improve the ease of doing business, aiming to create a more investor-friendly climate.
Visa Reforms and Tourism
To facilitate business and tourism, South Africa has implemented initiatives to streamline visa processes for Nigerian nationals. Qualifying Nigerian businesspeople can now be granted a five-year multiple-entry visa, simplifying travel for business purposes. Additionally, tourists from Nigeria are now able to apply for a visa without submitting a passport, making the process more accessible and encouraging tourism between the two countries. These measures are expected to enhance people-to-people connections and boost economic activities in sectors such as hospitality and services.
African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was identified as a key mechanism to unlock further trade opportunities between South Africa and Nigeria. This agreement allows African countries to trade seamlessly across a variety of products, aiming to boost intra-African trade and economic integration. Both nations expressed a commitment to seize this opportunity, recognising that AfCFTA provides a platform to diversify economies, promote industrialisation, and create jobs. By leveraging AfCFTA, South Africa and Nigeria aim to enhance their trade relations and contribute to the broader economic development of the continent.
Regional and Global Cooperation
Beyond bilateral relations, South Africa and Nigeria play pivotal roles in regional and global affairs. Nigeria’s leadership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has been instrumental in promoting dialogue and peacebuilding in the region. South Africa, on its part, has been actively involved in addressing regional challenges, such as conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo and post-election developments in Mozambique, through peaceful resolutions.
On the global stage, both countries emphasised the urgent need for reform in institutions like the United Nations Security Council to better reflect current realities. South Africa, holding the G20 Presidency, pledged to bring Africa’s development and the challenges of the Global South to the forefront of the G20 agenda. President Ramaphosa stated, “We will place Africa’s development and the challenges facing countries of the Global South firmly on the G20 agenda. We will seek to galvanise support for the African Union’s Agenda 2063, as we pursue an inclusive global agenda.” This commitment underscores the shared vision of both nations to advocate for a more equitable global governance system that addresses the needs and aspirations of developing countries.
Cultural and Social Collaboration
Cultural and social ties form an integral part of the South Africa-Nigeria relationship. Both countries boast rich cultural heritages and have engaged in numerous exchanges to promote mutual understanding and respect. Collaborations in the arts, music, and film industries have flourished, showcasing African talent on the global stage. Educational partnerships have also been established, with student exchange programmes and academic collaborations enhancing knowledge sharing and capacity building.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Despite the strong foundation of their relationship, South Africa and Nigeria face challenges that require continuous dialogue and cooperation. Issues such as xenophobic attacks, trade barriers, and bureaucratic hurdles have, at times, strained relations. However, both nations have demonstrated resilience and a commitment to resolving these issues amicably. The Bi-National Commission serves as a vital platform to address such challenges, ensuring that both countries work collaboratively towards sustainable solutions.
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nigeriaPresident Cyril RamphosaSOUTH AFRICA